Introduction to HVAC Full Course
This article is just the first part of the complete Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning. We will Learn HVAC from Basic to Advance level. So, Let's Start..
First We need to know what is meant by Building Services ?
Building Sevices (MEP):
It is a branch of study/science where we want to impart or put various services such as electrical, mechanical, plumbing, or fire fighting in an "Energy Efficient Buildings", in order to get / fetch up the benefit of a luxurious lifestyle.
Energy Efficient Buildings :
Energy efficient buildings are those buildings where we want to use / consume energy in an efficient and disciplined way with respect to cheap and economic cost, to get the benefit of a luxurious lifestyle.
Building Services can be categorized into three main classification, such as M - Mechanical (HVAC Design), E - Electrical & Lighting Design and P - Plumbing (Plumbing and Fire Fighting Design).
HVAC System :
This system is used in designing systems for Hot climate, Cold climate etc.
Heating :
It is increasing or raising the temperature of a substance gradually, up to a maximum required / desired temperature, is known as heating.
Heat :
It is a form of energy which transfers from one body to another body due to change in temperature. The units of heat are KJ (Kilo joules), BTU (British Thermal Units) etc.
Ventilation :
Ventilation is nothing but providing outside air or fresh air to inside room, from outside, to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), thereby removing bad odor gases.
Air Conditioning :
It is the conditioning of air according to human comfort zone condition and human comfort criteria mentioned by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers).
* Comfort zone temperatures are 76 °F / 24 °C and 50% RH (Relative Humidity).
Air Conditioning can be defined as simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, radiant energy, air motion, air quality, and air quantity within a space, for satisfying requirement of the comfortness.
Applications of Human Comfort Zone/ Conditioning :
Some of the applications of Human Comfort Zone/ Condition can be found in Residential Buildings, hotels, Commercial offices, Restaurants, Supermarkets, Malls, Airports, Hospitals, Theaters, Cinema halls, Seminar halls, Conference rooms, Auditoriums, Religious places like Churches, Mosques etc.
Next we will see the names of some of the governing bodies or standard societies which are related to HVAC.
* ASHRAE - American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers.(This is a leader-pioneer body in HVAC industry.
* CIBSE - Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineer. A UK governing body of ASHRAE standards.
* ISHRAE - Indian Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers. These HVAC standards are to be followed in India.
* SMACNA - Sheet Metal and Air conditioner Contractor National Association. It is a Standard Society for National Duct design, site installations and Drafting. It is an USA based body.
* ASTM - American Society of Testing and Materials. It is a standard society for metals and material testing.
* IS - Indian Standards.
* DW144 - Duct Work 144 [ section is 144 ].
* LEEDAP - Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design Accredited Professional.
* USGBC - United State Green Building Concepts.
* IGBC - Indian Green Building Council / Concepts.
* IAQ - Indoor Air Quality.
* NFPA - National Fire Protection Association.
* OSHA - Occupation Safety and Health Administration.
* NEBOSH - National Environment and Building Occupational Safety Hazards.
Green Buildings :
A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste, and provides healthier space for occupants or residents, as compared to the conventional buildings.
Design of HVAC system involves the following things which are enlisted below :
* Building Survey.
* Selection of System (Classification of Machines).
* Load Calculation (Costing and Heating Load).
* Machine selection.
* Fan selection.
* Chilled water pipe designing.
* Fitting selection.
* Pumps selection.
* Selection of equipments, their type and size etc.
* Planning location of each piece of equipment in building.
Project Task / Initializing / Initialization of project :
Designing a large building project is a complex task. It may involve few months or even years, and involvement of a number of senior design engineers / engineers / technicians, depending upon the size of the projects.
Design of private residence is much more simpler as compared to commercial property or building. Design of HVAC system for large projects is basically the responsibility of consulting design engineer of HVAC. Consulting design engineer also carries out some additional responsibilities to workout estimation and costing on project, and also supervision during site erection and installation of projects.
Above tasks are executed in concern with the client and architect, which in turn carries the overall building design and planning. Architects and other departments such as civil engineers, structural, MEP system (HVAC engineers have to be in co-ordination with each other, failure of co-ordination between architects and other departments tend to more costing time consumption for execution of projects.
Installation Details with respect to Contractors :
The Mechanical or HVAC contracting company takes HVAC consulting design. (Engineering Contract Drawing ) prepares single line drawing / diagrams and sends to the engineering department, which converts the single line design to the Shop drawing, with the help of a CAD operators or a Draftsman.
Shop Drawings are detailed drawings with large scales or dimensions with size of A0 and A1 of HVAC systems, which will be necessary to start and execute site project works, overall. HVAC contracting company hires various teams or people which include Sheet Metal Contractors (Duct Contractors) , Pipe Fitters (Chilled water pipe contractors), Insulation Contractor (Duct and Pipe insulation contractors. These contractors are known as sub-contractors.
HVAC Contractors / Contracting Company or Main Contractors also purchase all the necessary HVAC machines, tools and materials for the accomplishment of the project work.
When installation is completed, Main contractor tests, adjusts and balances the HVAC Systems and then they call for the QA / QC procedure teams for the safe running of the design.
Well here we complete the first part of the Full HVAC course. Hope you guys have learnt something about HVAC from this article.. Stay tuned for the next part of this course. Till then, Keep Learning. Keep Growing.
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