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From this part onwards we will learn about plumbing design. If you want to access all the previous parts of this plumbing series, you can get it by the end of the post.
Plumbing standards societies
ASME B31.11 – Plumbing Piping Systems
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) has adopted several plumbing codes that are used across the United States. The first plumbing code was published in 1890. Its purpose was to help prevent accidental fires from occurring due to the use of poorly installed piping systems. This plumbing code became known as the “American Standard Code for Plumbing”.
In 1915, many changes were made to this original code. These changes were made to help prevent water damage caused by leaking pipes. By 1948, these changes had turned into what we know today as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard Z21.4-1948. Many changes have been made since then, but ANSI still continues to publish updates.
A newer version of the Code was released in 2011. This updated code is known as the ASME B31.16. There are major differences between the old and new plumbing codes. However, they both share common features.
• Both codes follow the same basic philosophy of preventing leakage caused by poor installation.
• Both codes are based on the premise that a leaky pipe can cause thousands of dollars worth of damage per hour.
IPC - International Plumbing Codes
IPA - Indian Plumbing Association
UPC - Uniform Plumbing Codes
NBC - National Building Codes - India
BS - British Standards
RC - Royal Commission - KSA
DEWA - Dubai Electricity and Water Authority - Dubai
DM - Dubai Municipality - Dubai
ASME - American Society for Mechanical Engineers
The ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) was founded in 1892; its purpose is to advance technology and science through education, research, and service. The ASME has over 140,000 members, including engineers, manufacturers, scientists, students, educators, public officials, government representatives, and other individuals. This organization specializes in mechanical engineering in the fields of pressure vessels, pumps, valves & controls, heating, ventilation, air conditioning & refrigeration, pipelines, instrumentation, robotics and automation, power generation, fluid handling, and industrial hydraulics, structural dynamics, materials, and manufacturing processes. 2. NSF - National Sanitation Foundation
NSF International is a non-profit, 501(c)(6), membership association that develops and disseminates voluntary consensus codes and standards related to the design, construction, operation, maintenance, safety management, sanitation, and recycling of wastewater treatment systems and facilities. Its mission is to promote safe drinking water for all people worldwide while protecting human health and the environment. Its vision is a world where clean water is available for everyone. NSF provides programs to help professionals manage their businesses, comply with rules, and protect consumers, workers, and communities. NSF helps engineers, managers, builders, contractors, and regulators reduce risks and costs associated with hazardous substances. NSF's standards are used throughout the world by governments, industries, and organizations to improve environmental quality, worker safety, product performance, community health, and national security. 3. NACE - North American Concrete Institute
NACE is a nonprofit educational corporation headquartered in Chicago, Illinois dedicated to providing leadership for the concrete industry. Founded in 1956, NACE sets technical and professional best practices to ensure quality and integrity in the concrete and allied products industry. www.nace.com
American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASCE)
The American Society of Plumbing engineers has developed a set of plumbing codes that are enforced state-by-state. Their purpose is to protect homeowners from unscrupulous plumbers who may try to charge them exorbitantly due to ignorance. These codes include requirements for water pressure, flow rates, and other things so that consumers can know exactly what they’re paying for.
Why Plumbing Codes?
The plumbing industry has been around since ancient times, but it was not until the early 1800s that piping systems were invented. The first system was called lead pipe and had some major limitations. Lead pipes could expand and contract due to temperature changes, causing leaks. They also cracked over time and then they needed to be replaced. This type of plumbing system would last about 50 years, if kept out of water.
Another kind of plumbing system was copper pipe. Copper was a good material because it did not change shape easily like lead, but it still had its drawbacks. Its biggest problem was corrosion. Corrosion causes weak spots in your plumbing system, which can cause leaks. If this happened under pressure, then the damage can be dangerous.
Plumbing codes have existed for many years to ensure safe construction practices and to protect homeowners from substandard workmanship. Today, there are two types of plumbing codes. These are local codes and national codes. Local codes cover specific regions of the country, and national codes cover the entire nation. Both are used to make sure that plumbers do their job properly.
National Plumbing Codes
There are three basic parts to any plumbing system. They include the header, risers, and mains. A header is the main junction box into which your home’s plumbing enters. Your water supply runs through this part of the system before going into individual zones. Risers are short sections of pipe that connect headers together. Mains are long lengths of pipe that run throughout your house. Each zone has risers and mains attached to it. The National Codes are applicable to all the projects that are constructed on the National level. And there are also Local plumbing codes, which need to follow during plumbing installations.
The plumbing code standards set minimum requirements for building a house. The plumbing codes ensure that the plumbing system meets the health and safety needs of the community. They also provide uniformity and quality control in the industry. They do this by establishing requirements for materials, methods, design, installation, maintenance, inspection, repair, testing, and operation. In order to comply with the codes, the plumbing contractor should hire competent professionals who understand the codes.
Water distribution system design criteria required capacity at fixture supply pipe outlet
Different Plumbing Systems :
Plumbing systems can be mainly categorized into these systems. They are
* Domestic Cold Water System
* Domestic Hot Water System
* Garden Water Sprinkler System
* Drainage System
* Vent System
* Storm drainage system - rainwater system
Minimum pipe sizes that are directly connected to fixtures
These are some predefined pipe sizes that are connected to the fixtures.
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