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Zoning in HVAC
Zoning of HVAC products is similar to that of conventional agriculture. Zoning will dictate where and how it will be grown, but zoning does not necessarily affect cost, availability or quality. Even if zoning were a tax on HVAC products, it would not necessarily keep the price up. Zoning is in the hands of the local government, which is most likely to choose to preserve agricultural land over industrial development.
Zoning is often associated with the government designating certain areas as residential, commercial, industrial, etc. However, zoning also affects the technology of heating and cooling. In reality, HVAC can be applied to residential as well as commercial, industrial, and institutional (I.e. government) buildings. The goal of zoning laws is to encourage desirable development that is within close proximity to public services. Building regulations must allow for maximum air exchange, which in turn leads to optimum performance of the building’s HVAC system. If you are interested in understanding zoning, HVAC regulations, and the goals of a sustainable energy-efficient building, there are many resources to help.
In an HVAC building or system, there are actually several zones:
Heating and Cooling:
The first zone is called the heating zone, and has two zones: hot and cold. The heating zone has only one zone to cool: air. We don’t heat the air. We are actually cooling the air as we cool the building.
Cold: This is the second zone, and it has one zone to heat and one to cool. The air in cold is still in the cooling mode, but we want to start bringing the heat into the air. This zone has two zones: hot and cold. We actually warm the hot air.
Hot: This is the final zone, and it has two zones. Hot and cool. The air is warm and cold.
In the above descriptions, “warm” indicates a room or system that is at a comfortable temperature, and the “hot” indicates a room or system that is hot.
The key to making cooling work properly in the heating zone is to keep the air moving. If air moves at a steady rate, we can slow the rate of air entering the system and stop it from warming the hot and cold zones, and keep our energy costs down.
It’s important to remember that heat entering the air will be warmed. Even in the cold zone, the air will be warm.
In the wind chill system, we are aiming to maintain a cool or comfortable temperature inside the room or system. If you live in a hot climate, you want the heat to circulate inside your home or system. You may consider using room heaters that have a timer to turn them on and off based on the time of day and your body temperature. This is much cheaper than air conditioning, but it will give you a lot more flexibility in where you want to sit.
Zoning in HVAC Design and Installation
In general, zoning is the rules and procedures followed when applying building codes and regulations to new buildings and renovations in a specific geographic area. For example, HVAC rules are categorized as R-70 to the interior, R-60 to the exterior, and R-10 to the outdoor.
R-70:
Internal layout should be designed to ensure adequate air leakage and ventilation of HVAC units in each room. Certain partitions or doors have been included to ensure a proper flow of air.
Verification needs to be taken before installing components in the attic of the unit.
R-60:
This type of HVAC zone was designed to be installed in permanent non-profit, non-profit organization and public sector offices with extensive service ducts. It also is recommended to use in low-rise buildings and in low-income households.
R-40
This is designed for lower-rise residential buildings (4 stories and less) with ventilation through floors or roof vents.
R-20:
R-20 zone is designed for low-rise buildings with ventilation through roof vents.
The amount of each HVAC zone affects the load of the unit in each zone.
New Homes: 3 Zone
To provide the most protection, design and installation of the HVAC should be planned to reduce energy consumption and its associated carbon footprint, with the least possible impact on the system’s budget and aesthetics. The first step to energy efficiency is to factor in the appropriate residential zone to the owner’s preference. Whether you design for a “permanent” zone or an “on/off” one, one thing is for certain: the energy you save from the heat pump in a more expensive zone can be used to heat your home in a more expensive zone. For example, in areas with an R-40 zone you can run both a gas furnace and the heat pump.
The last thing you want is to heat and cool your home with a high heat or a low heat. From the kitchen to the garage, the HVAC and air-conditioning systems in your home must be very energy-efficient.
1. Install indoor ducts – think through the layout, circulation and circulation of the ducts in your home. Find out the best solution for each room, using materials that are durable, with proper airflow, and have the lowest operating costs.
2. Installed ceiling ducts – as an example, a long space like a living room that needs the same amount of ducts as an area where a washer and dryer are installed can also take up space. Consider the performance of each duct for each area.
3. Installed exterior ducts – often times when installing HVAC, it’s best to utilize ducts that already exist, as long as they are wide enough to install a high-efficiency unit like a heat pump.
4. Recirculate – use the ducts in each zone for low-flow areas, such as kitchen cabinets, and electrical outlets.
Low-Efficiency homes: 4 zone
If an owner has a very efficient new home, sometimes they can install a HVAC unit in all zones, depending on the efficiency rating of the unit.
Low-Efficiency Home R-10:
This zone has the highest energy consumption for a HVAC system. This is the place where we recommend the lowest cost of system by not having any ducts, ductwork or ceilings. In many instances, you could only put a single unit in the R-10 zone.
If you do put a heat pump in the R-10 zone, you will have to run a separate compressor unit and condenser unit.
Environmental regulations require all new homes to have some type of programmable thermostat, and the unit will likely control the HVAC at the resident’s desired time.
If you want to use a heat pump, you can install it in the R-10 zone.
Heat Pump installation should be considered to avoid the cost of a ducted air-conditioning system.
R-10 also requires having a properly sized heating system. It is recommended that the heating system should be a high-efficiency unit.
R-30:
In this zone you can either install a heat pump or a convection system. If you decide to do a heat pump, you have two choices – one is the R-60 unit, which is a heat pump, and the other is the R-130, which is a heat pump plus a chiller system. The difference is that with the R-130 system, you don’t have to run the chiller unit as often.
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