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Plumbing Full Course - Part 19

Mohammed Furkhan July 05, 2022


      This is part 19th of the full Plumbing course.. You can Check the previous parts by clicking on the links given at the end of this post.

Plumbing Fittings (contd..)

 Joints

A joint is a coupling between two pipes. This coupling usually consists of three parts. First, a flared nut called the gland nut is placed around the end of the male pipe. Next, a compression ring is tightened onto the threaded portion of the female pipe. Finally, a metal band or sleeve is slipped down the inside of the female pipe and clamped into place. When the pipe is pulled together, the bands create friction, causing the joint to hold tightly.

Couplings

Couplings are used to connect lengths of pipe together. They consist of a flared nut, a gasket, and a locking collar. The flared nut is screwed onto the end of the male section of pipe. A gasket is then pushed against the inside surface of the female pipe. Lastly, a locking collar is slid down the outside of the female pipe and locked into place. To tighten the connection, the flared nut is turned.

Flared Nuts

Flared nuts are used to attach piping to equipment. They consist of a nut body and a flange. The nut body is threaded and the flange is flat and positioned perpendicular to the threading. The nut body is tightened onto the threads of the equipment. Then, the flared nut is fastened by tightening its internal screw.

Gate Valve

1. Function

The purpose of a gate valve is to regulate pressure and flow through its passage. Gate valves are used to control pressure in pipes, tanks and boilers; they may be manual, automatic or electrically operated. They are installed at various points in the piping system, including near heating devices, heat exchangers and water treatment equipment.

2. Types

There are two types of gate valves, butterfly valves and globe valves. Butterfly valves are designed to close off the flow path completely while globes usually allow only partial flow. A simple example would be a ball valve - this type of valve allows flow but stops it dead once closed fully.

3. Different Applications

In general, butterfly valves are used to allow gas, steam or liquid flow at relatively low pressures. Globe valves are often used in higher pressure applications where the opening is smaller and the valve needs to remain closed until manually opened by turning the knob.

4. Maintenance

A properly operating valve should always be kept clean and well maintained. This helps reduce the risk of contamination, corrosion and blockage. Regular cleaning and lubrication help ensure smooth operation and prevent damage from freeze ups. Gates and seats should be inspected regularly. Any rusting should be removed immediately or else the entire valve could fail.

Isolating Valve

The valve is made to shut off water from going through a pipe if something bad happens to it, usually some kind of clog. A common problem is that the valve doesn’t close completely. This means that water continues to flow even though nothing else should be flowing. There could be several reasons for this including rusting, a loose connection, or a damaged valve. The first step is to locate the valve and disconnect it from its pipes. Then, repair any damage to the valve and tighten any loose connections. Finally, replace the old valve with the new one and reconnect everything back together.

Isolation Valve

The isolation valve is generally used to prevent the backflow of water from a faucet into the sink due to pressure differences. A typical isolation valve consists of two flapper valves that are closed under normal water pressures but open upon a decrease in pressure, allowing water to pass through. When the isolation valve breaks down, the entire flow capacity is lost. An isolation valve can be replaced in case of broken parts. However, if the breakage occurs inside the pipe, then it needs to be repaired.

Pressure Relief Valve

A pressure relief valve prevents the sudden release of large amounts of water when the water pressure increases. It acts as a safety device, opening automatically at a certain threshold pressure to allow excess water to escape. The relief valve has a spring-loaded diaphragm that closes when the water pressure drops below the setpoint. It opens only after a predetermined time period, depending on the type of valve.

Globe valve

The Globe valve is a type of ball-and-seat check valve used in various applications. This simple mechanism works by using a small rubber sphere in conjunction with a metal seat. When the valve is turned from its closed position, the sphere rolls into contact with the seat and stops any flow through the pipe. When the valve is opened, the rubber expands and pushes off of the seat, allowing water to drain freely again.

1. Globe valve is used to control water flow and pressure from a cold or hot water pipe

A globe valve is designed to control the flow of water through pipes. A globe valve consists of a circular piece of metal that fits into the end of a pipe and operates the same way as a ballcock. When the valve is closed, the ball seals off the pipe completely. When the valve is opened, water flows through the pipe.

2. Globe valves are normally installed at the point where water enters fixtures, such as sinks and toilets. They are usually mounted directly above the fixture, but some come in different sizes and shapes. Globe valves come in two basic designs: ball-and-socket and plug valves. Ball-and-socket globe valves are designed to operate in only one direction. The stem rotates around a central axis and contacts the side wall of the pipe to open or close the valve. Plug valves work similarly, except they move upward inside the pipe instead of rotating. Most globe valves are manufactured from brass or copper alloy; however, stainless steel versions are also widely used. A brass valve may last longer, but copper is easier to clean after installing and removing.

3. Globe valves were invented in England in 1859 by William Radford. He patented his design and sold the patent to the Waterworks Supply Company. After the company was bought by American Standard, the name changed to Standard Brass Works. Eventually, the company was acquired by General Electric.

4. At first, globe valves consisted of a single chamber that contained a rubber ring. This ring was squeezed by hand when the valve was turned. Later models used a lever to compress the seal. Globe valves were originally used in gas lines because the small size allowed easy installation. They became popular in home and commercial plumbing during the 1960s. Globe valves are commonly seen in residential bathrooms, kitchen sink faucets, and shower heads.

5. Globe valves are available in three main types: ball-and-cone, ball-and-stem, and butterfly ball valves. Each type provides a specific function. A ball-and-cone valve works similar to a ball-and-socket valve, except the cone moves down to contact the wall of the pipe instead of turning. With a ball-and-stem valve, the stem opens or closes the valve. Butterfly valves consist of a round disk attached to a shaft that turns to open or close the flow.

6. As with any type of valve, a globe valve should be carefully cleaned before replacing old parts. To start, check the manufacturer's instructions to see if the valve needs disassembly. Then remove the cap from the end of the pipe. Remove the globe valve and clean both sides of the stem using a wire brush and warm water.

7. Now take the new valve and clean the outside of the stem thoroughly with soap and warm water. Make sure there are no chips or scratches on the stem. Then replace the original cap on the pipe and tighten securely. Use pliers to hold the stem while you torque the nut. Be careful not to overtighten the nut or damage the threads. If you experience difficulty tightening the nut, use a wrench.

Angle Valve

The angle valve is used in water pipes to control the amount of water flow and pressure. This allows the user to change the flow rate of water from low to high at any time. They are commonly used in shower fixtures and kitchen sinks to prevent flooding due to leakage.

1. Function

The function of an angle valve is to restrict the flow of fluid from the pipe to a lower pressure vessel. Angle valves are usually installed at joints where two pipes meet. This type of joint allows water to run from one pipe into the other but prevents any reverse flow. They are used where a higher pressure is needed to push through the smaller diameter pipe.

2. Installation

When installing angle valves, first remove the old fitting by unscrewing it or pulling off the cap. Next, clean the threads and make sure they are dry. Then, reinsert the angled sleeve into the pipe until it touches the bottom of the second pipe. Now tighten the valve nut to secure the fitting into place. To ensure proper sealing, apply caulking between the sleeve and the second pipe. Finally, check the fit and install the cap.



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