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This is part 24th of the full Plumbing course in MEP.. Access previous parts of this course by clicking on the links provided by the end of this article.
COMPONENTS OF SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
A sanitary drainage system is any plumbing system designed to drain water from a building including toilets, sinks, bathtubs, etc., away from the foundation and ground. These systems are particularly useful in preventing the spread of disease between patients in medical facilities and in preventing the contamination of food production. In addition to the components listed below, these systems may be installed in commercial buildings, hospitals, hotels, schools, laboratories, government offices, restaurants, and many other types of buildings.
Sanitary sewer drains are pipes that remove sewage wastewater from buildings. Most residential homes have a single pipe going to a private wastewater treatment plant where solids settle out and liquid waste is sent to a septic tank to separate solid matter from liquids. Commercial buildings often use a combination of a primary and a secondary sewage pipe. A primary sewage pipe connects directly to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Secondary sewage pipes connect to the primary sewage line at various intervals. Each time a toilet flushes, water passes through the piping system until it reaches the WWTP. Once treated, the water rejoins the city's storm sewers, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc., which carry the waste outside the city.
The first thing to consider is what type of sewer runs throughout the area you plan to install sanitary drainage. If the area you're looking at requires some sort of trenching, then you'll need to know how much space will be required, what size pipe is best suited for the job, and whether the project involves connecting to existing sewer lines.
If there are multiple bathrooms (more than two) along the same floor, you should think about installing individual sewer lines leading to each bathroom. Installing individual lines instead of running a single pipe across a room is called "individual service."
Individual sewer services require smaller diameter pipe than multi-service installations, so they may be less expensive to install. However, they do not allow room for future expansion without digging up the old line. Individual services also require more maintenance due to the small amount of pipe exposed aboveground (instead of buried underground), making them subject to clogging if hair, soap residue, etc., accumulate inside the pipe over time.
Multi-service sewers combine several different sizes of pipe to provide multiple paths to evacuate waste away from the building. Since the pipes are all combined together before exiting the building, you don't have to worry about the pipes getting blocked off or needing to dig them up. Multi-service sewers are the most popular method of drainage, especially in older neighborhoods with low population density.
If you're planning on using a multi-service installation, make sure you account for the maximum capacity of the pipes. The number of fixtures in the building is multiplied by the number of times the pipes run per fixture. For example, if you have 10 bathrooms and the pipes run twice per bathroom, then the total number of fixtures equals 20 fixtures x 2 40 fixtures.
Sumps and Ejectors
The first thing we need to understand about sump pumps and ejector pumps are their different applications. These terms can get mixed up sometimes, so let's clear them up right now. Sumps and Ejectors
Sumps are a device designed to collect water and drain it out of a structure. Ejector pumps are a separate type of pump, that can only work while connected to a sump pump. A sump pump is simply a submersible pump, which moves fluid away from the foundation, whereas an ejector pump is a centrifugal pump, which creates upward force to move liquid.
Ejector pumps are commonly seen as a secondary means of pumping out water out of a building after a sump pump fails, and can even be run separately if there is no connection between the two systems. Sump pumps and Ejector Pumps
If you have sump pumps installed, they should be pumped at least once per week to ensure everything drains properly. If you do not have sump pumps installed yet, then install them immediately. The best way to determine whether you need a sump pump or an ejector pump is to measure how much water the basement is retaining; if it is over 50%, then you definitely need a sump pump. When installing a sump pump, make sure that you are getting power from a reliable source, such as electricity, natural gas or propane. Your local utility company may provide free estimates for these services.
There are many different types of sump pumps, including single stage and multi-stage pumps. Single-stage pumps are less expensive than multistage pumps, but they do not generate as much pressure. In some cases, however, there really isn't any difference in cost. What matters most is what kind of use you plan to put your sump pump to - if you want to use it for storm retention, then a single-stage pump will suffice perfectly fine. However, if you plan to use your sump pump for irrigation purposes, then a multi-stage pump is ideal. Another popular option for sump pumps are submersible pumps. Submersible pumps generally offer higher flow rates than above ground pumps. The downside is that they require power, which makes them more costly and harder to install. There are pros and cons to each system and choosing which one to choose is entirely dependent upon your personal preference. Make sure to do your research before making your decision.
As far as ejector pumps go, they are similar to sump pumps, except that they require electrical power. You don't want to use them to replace sump pumps, rather you would use them alongside the sump pump to help reduce the amount of water that remains in the basement. An example would be if the sump pump fails due to a broken float switch, you could still rely on an ejector pump that is powered by electricity.
1. Inlet & outlet sump pumps
A sump pump is a device that provides a controlled amount of water for the roots of your plants. You can find these at hardware stores or home improvement centers. There are two types of sump pumps, they either have a motor/piston or a turbine wheel. A piston type sump pump will move water closer to the outlet while a turbine type sump pump will push water away from the outlet. Typically, if you have a sump pump, you should also have a drain pipe connected to it. The drain pipe is attached to the bottom of your sump pit (the area where the pump sits). Most people use PVC piping to connect their sump pit to their drain pipes. If you do not have any drains in your basement, you may want to consider using a plastic lined concrete hole or trench. When draining water from your sump pump, make sure to empty it completely before refilling it. Also remember never to put water directly into your sump pit as this will cause your pump to work harder than necessary.
2. Ejector drains
Ejector drains help prevent standing water from flooding your basement floor. These devices work similarly to a toilet plunger. The trick to making them work is to keep the top open and keep it clear of debris. Once the water is flushed, the water moves towards the outlet and then back down into the sump pit. Make sure to check your plumbing regularly to ensure that no blockages occur.
3. Drainage vents
Drainage vents are typically located near your sump pump and ejector drains. These vent holes allow air to flow through to ensure that there is adequate ventilation around your grow room. However, remember that ventilation does not need to be perfect because humidity is actually what kills plants. High levels of humidity will eventually lead to mold growth and rotting vegetation. Ensure that you provide ample space between each bud tender and that you ventilate enough to keep your buds dry.
4. P-traps
P-traps are typically installed inside of the sump pit where your sump pump resides. These trap solids that fall out of the sump pit and prevent them from entering your building. P-traps need to be cleaned periodically to avoid clogging. To clean the trap, simply place some gravel or sand over the opening. Wait until it falls off naturally, after about 24 hours.
5. Gutter system
If you live in an area with heavy rainfalls, you may want to install a gutter system. A gutter system helps catch excess water and direct it outside of your house. You may also want to invest in gutters to prevent roof damage and leaks.
Cleanouts
A cleanout is the act of removing obstructions from a drainpipe or sewer line. These obstructions include roots, wood debris, grass clippings, hair, paper towels, etc. Cleanouts should only be done if they are necessary to prevent back-up. Before doing a cleanout, inspect the pipe or sewer line thoroughly. Check the area around the drain pipe to make sure no damage is being caused. You do not want to cause any further harm while cleaning out the pipes. Remember to use extreme caution and wear protective equipment such as rubber gloves and goggles. Also remember to always check the water pressure before starting the cleanout. If the pressure is low than you may have a burst pipe.
A cleanout provides access to horizontal and vertical lines to facilitate inspection and provide a means of removing obstructions such as solid objects, greasy wastes, and hair.
Floor drains and sinks
1. Flushing the system
In the case of a floor drain or sink, you want to flush out any debris before you continue working on the fixture. You don't need to do this if you have just been cleaning the drain, but if you've just finished doing something else, then it's best to flush it out first. To do this, run hot water down the drain until you hear running water coming out of the faucet. Then turn off the tap and flush out the pipes using cold water. Wait about 30 seconds and repeat the process. If there was a clog, this should clear it out.
2. Cleaning Drain Sink
If you haven't cleaned a floor drain or sink yet, be sure to clean it thoroughly after removing any obstructions. Use soap and warm water; scrub the entire surface of both sides of the drain pipe. Make sure to work around the corners and edges to ensure that no soap residue remains. Afterwards, rinse everything well to remove any soap residue. If you notice any dirt or grime on the bottom of the pipe, use a brush and some mild detergent to get rid of it. Once you're done, let the sink or drain dry completely before filling it back in.
1. What do floor drains and sink drains do?
Floor drain and sink drains keep water away from the wall and out of the building. These drains may have traps or screens to prevent small animals or debris from entering them. Floor drains should always be located about two inches below the floor level, while sink drains should be set lower than 2 feet (or 1 meter) below grade. Check local codes and regulations before installing any type of plumbing system.
2. How often should I check my floor drains?
For commercial applications, annual inspections are recommended. If installed properly, these systems should last 20 years or longer. In addition, they should not be checked less frequently than once per year. A good rule of thumb is approximately once a month, or at least once per season.
3. Why should I buy a professional inspection service?
When in doubt about your drains, call a licensed plumber who will inspect your drain system, identify problems, and provide recommendations. An inspector will examine the entire drain system and look for code violations, leaks, and obstructions. He/she can tell if there are any issues with the pipe materials or installation methods, and help determine whether repairs need to be performed. Inspectors are also trained to spot hidden defects and potential flood hazards.
4. Can I use my own home inspectors?
No. Home inspectors are experienced in residential situations where the drain system is part of a house’s foundation, not just a fixture above ground. A licensed plumbing inspector will know how to safely test, repair, and replace the drain system, and what to look for.
5. Are there any safety concerns to consider?
Yes! Plumbing drains are dangerous and require special precautions. Dangers range from minor cuts and scrapes to serious injuries. Do not remove the trap or screen until the drain is completely emptied, or place tools inside the drain without using protective gloves.
6. Should I install a backup sump pump?
Backup sump pumps serve many purposes. First, they protect your property in the event of a flood or other natural disaster. Second, they can help reduce stormwater runoff and the amount of sediment being carried into nearby waterways. Third, they can assist in keeping basement moisture levels low. Remember, however, that if you live near a body of water, you should have a backup generator in case of power failure.
7. Is there anything else I need to know?
Professional drain cleaning services are highly recommended. Drain clogs occur over time due to buildup of solids in your pipes. Clogged drains are caused by hair particles, soap scum, grease, food debris, and tree roots. When this happens, you must clean your drains regularly. Most professionals recommend draining and flushing your drains monthly. You may not think it matters, but the accumulation of dirt, grime, and bacteria causes drain clogs.
Grate/Strainer
1. Grate Strainer
A grate strainer is used to filter debris from water and prevent clogging of drains. In order to install them properly, it is imperative to know how they work and what materials they require. A grate strainer consists of a mesh screen that sits over the drain opening. When a solid object enters the drain, it falls through the holes in the screen and collects at the bottom. If the object is small enough, it may pass through the screen without leaving any evidence behind. If the object is larger than the hole size, then it will fall through the screen and get stuck. If the object is too big, it will block the entire area of the drain. Once the object gets stuck, you should remove it immediately using a tool called a trap wrench.
2. Trap Wrench
The trap wrench is used to loosen and fix the obstruction in your drain and help remove any material that has gotten stuck. You will need to use two hands to do this. First, turn off the water supply to your sink, then disconnect the piping with the trap nut. Then, place the trap wrench over the obstruction and gently twist until the object comes out. Finally, reconnect the pipes and test the flow of water again.
3. Drainpipe Cleaning Brush
To clean your grates strainer and make sure no debris remains in the pipe, you will need a brush. Hold the brush perpendicular to the pipe while running it back and forth to dislodge any debris. Rinse the brush after each use to ensure that it does not become dirty.
Flashing rings
1. What is flashing ring?
A flashing ring is a plastic ring placed around pipes to prevent water from entering certain parts of the house. Flashing rings are commonly used around toilets, sinks, tubs, and showers. You may not have noticed them before; they're small, flat pieces of plastic that fit over the opening and seal off the pipe. If you look closely at any bathroom sink or toilet, you'll notice several thin, flat strips of plastic covering the drain hole. These are called "flashing rings."
2. Why do we need to use flashing rings?
Plumbing is the way that water flows through our houses. Water enters houses through drains (the little holes in the ground), then flows down storm sewer drains. But sometimes water travels in the wrong direction. When rainwater runs into basements or bathrooms, it might flow into the street instead of the proper drain system. In those cases, you need a "plumbing trap". Plumbing traps collect excess water in order to direct it out of your home instead of letting it go down the drain.
1) What is a flashing ring?
A flashing ring is actually a small metal ring usually located at the junction between concrete slab and asphalt driveway or sidewalk. Flashing rings protect the cement from water erosion by preventing water from penetrating into the joints of the cement. Flashing rings are installed prior to pouring the concrete.
2) How do I know if my concrete driveway/sidewalk needs flashing rings?
Typically any concrete slabs with a joint of less than 4 inches (10 cm) need flashing rings. If the joints are larger than this then additional flashing rings may not be necessary.
3) How do I install flashing rings?
The first step is to cut out the area where the flashing rings will go using a circular saw. Next, drill holes in the area where the flashing ring will sit. These holes should be no deeper than 2 inches (5cm). Lastly, use either a hammer a chisel or screwdriver to tap the flashing ring into place.
4) Do I have to remove the old flashing rings before installing new ones?
Yes. You should always start with the newest flashing rings and leave the old ones in place until they begin to rust out and fail. Then you can replace them with new ones.
The flashing ring is a device that helps water drain away from the pipes. Plumbing systems require a certain amount of pressure to keep flowing correctly. When there's not enough pressure, excess water may build up in your system causing flooding and potential damage to your home. A flashing ring is an extra piece that attaches over the top of pipe flanges or joints to create a small space between the joint and the pipe wall. In doing this, the ring creates a place where the piping system meets the floor or surface underneath, giving the pipe room to expand upwards without coming in contact with the building material. Without the flashing ring, the piping would press directly against the floor or building structure and cause leakage around the joint.
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